// Locale support -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.

// Warning: this file is not meant for user inclusion. Use <locale>.

#ifndef _CPP_BITS_LOCFACETS_TCC
#define _CPP_BITS_LOCFACETS_TCC 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <cerrno>
#include <clocale>   // For localeconv
#include <cstdlib>   // For strof, strtold
#include <cmath>     // For ceil
#include <cctype>    // For isspace
#include <limits>    // For numeric_limits
#include <bits/streambuf_iterator.h>
#include <typeinfo>  // For bad_cast.

namespace std
{
  template<typename _Facet>
    locale
    locale::combine(const locale& __other) const
    {
      _Impl* __tmp = new _Impl(*_M_impl, 1);
      __tmp->_M_replace_facet(__other._M_impl, &_Facet::id);
      return locale(__tmp);
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    bool
    locale::operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
                       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const
    {
      typedef std::collate<_CharT> __collate_type;
      const __collate_type& __collate = use_facet<__collate_type>(*this);
      return (__collate.compare(__s1.data(), __s1.data() + __s1.length(),
				__s2.data(), __s2.data() + __s2.length()) < 0);
    }

  template<typename _Facet>
    const _Facet&
    use_facet(const locale& __loc)
    {
      size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      if (!(__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]))
        __throw_bad_cast();
      return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__facets[__i]);
    }

  template<typename _Facet>
    bool
    has_facet(const locale& __loc) throw()
    {
      size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id();
      locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets;
      return (__i < __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size && __facets[__i]);
    }


  // Stage 1: Determine a conversion specifier.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_float(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
		     ios_base::iostate& __err, string& __xtrc) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>		__traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);

      // First check for sign.
      const char_type __plus = __ctype.widen('+');
      const char_type __minus = __ctype.widen('-');
      int __pos = 0;
      char_type  __c = *__beg;
      if ((__traits_type::eq(__c, __plus) || __traits_type::eq(__c, __minus))
	  && __beg != __end)
	{
	  __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
	  ++__pos;
	  __c = *(++__beg);
	}

      // Next, strip leading zeros.
      const char_type __zero = __ctype.widen(_S_atoms[_M_zero]);
      bool __found_zero = false;
      while (__traits_type::eq(__c, __zero) && __beg != __end)
	{
	  __c = *(++__beg);
	  __found_zero = true;
	}
      if (__found_zero)
	{
	  __xtrc += _S_atoms[_M_zero];
	  ++__pos;
	}

      // Only need acceptable digits for floating point numbers.
      const size_t __len = _M_E - _M_zero + 1;
      char_type  __watoms[__len];
      __ctype.widen(_S_atoms, _S_atoms + __len, __watoms);
      bool __found_dec = false;
      bool __found_sci = false;
      const char_type __dec = __np.decimal_point();

      string __found_grouping;
      const string __grouping = __np.grouping();
      bool __check_grouping = __grouping.size();
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      const char_type __sep = __np.thousands_sep();

      while (__beg != __end)
        {
	  // Only look in digits.
          const char_type* __p = __traits_type::find(__watoms, 10,  __c);

          // NB: strchr returns true for __c == 0x0
          if (__p && !__traits_type::eq(__c, char_type()))
	    {
	      // Try first for acceptable digit; record it if found.
	      ++__pos;
	      __xtrc += _S_atoms[__p - __watoms];
	      ++__sep_pos;
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	    }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __sep) 
		   && __check_grouping && !__found_dec)
	    {
              // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
              // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
              if (__sep_pos)
                {
                  __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                  __sep_pos = 0;
		  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
              else
		{
		  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
		  break;
		}
            }
	  else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __dec) && !__found_dec)
	    {
	      // According to the standard, if no grouping chars are seen,
	      // no grouping check is applied. Therefore __found_grouping
	      // must be adjusted only if __dec comes after some __sep.
	      if (__found_grouping.size())
		__found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
	      ++__pos;
	      __xtrc += '.';
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	      __found_dec = true;
	    }
	  else if ((__traits_type::eq(__c, __watoms[_M_e]) 
		    || __traits_type::eq(__c, __watoms[_M_E])) 
		   && !__found_sci && __pos)
	    {
	      // Scientific notation.
	      ++__pos;
	      __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
	      __c = *(++__beg);

	      // Remove optional plus or minus sign, if they exist.
	      if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __plus) 
		  || __traits_type::eq(__c, __minus))
		{
		  ++__pos;
		  __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
		  __c = *(++__beg);
		}
	      __found_sci = true;
	    }
	  else
	    // Not a valid input item.
	    break;
        }

      // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
      // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
      if (__check_grouping && __found_grouping.size())
        {
          // Add the ending grouping if a decimal wasn't found.
	  if (!__found_dec)
	    __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
          if (!__verify_grouping(__grouping, __found_grouping))
	    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Finish up
      __xtrc += char();
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  // Stage 1: Determine a conversion specifier.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_int(_InIter __beg, _InIter __end, ios_base& __io,
		   ios_base::iostate& __err, string& __xtrc, int& __base) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT>		__traits_type;
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
 
      // NB: Iff __basefield == 0, this can change based on contents.
      ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
      if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
        __base = 8;
      else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
        __base = 16;
      else
	__base = 10;

      // First check for sign.
      int __pos = 0;
      char_type  __c = *__beg;
      const char_type __plus = __ctype.widen('+');
      const char_type __minus = __ctype.widen('-');

      if ((__traits_type::eq(__c, __plus) || __traits_type::eq(__c, __minus))
	  && __beg != __end)
	{
	  __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
	  ++__pos;
	  __c = *(++__beg);
	}

      // Next, strip leading zeros and check required digits for base formats.
      const char_type __zero = __ctype.widen(_S_atoms[_M_zero]);
      const char_type __x = __ctype.widen('x');
      const char_type __X = __ctype.widen('X');
      if (__base == 10)
	{
	  bool __found_zero = false;
	  while (__traits_type::eq(__c, __zero) && __beg != __end)
	    {
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	      __found_zero = true;
	    }
	  if (__found_zero)
	    {
	      __xtrc += _S_atoms[_M_zero];
	      ++__pos;
	      if (__basefield == 0)
		{	      
		  if ((__traits_type::eq(__c, __x) 
		       || __traits_type::eq(__c, __X))
		      && __beg != __end)
		    {
		      __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
		      ++__pos;
		      __c = *(++__beg);
		      __base = 16;
		    }
		  else 
		    __base = 8;
		}
	    }
	}
      else if (__base == 16)
	{
	  if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __zero) && __beg != __end)
	    {
	      __xtrc += _S_atoms[_M_zero];
	      ++__pos;
	      __c = *(++__beg); 
	      if ((__traits_type::eq(__c, __x) || __traits_type::eq(__c, __X))
		  && __beg != __end)
		{
		  __xtrc += __ctype.narrow(__c, char());
		  ++__pos;
		  __c = *(++__beg);
		}
	    }
	}

      // At this point, base is determined. If not hex, only allow
      // base digits as valid input.
      size_t __len;
      if (__base == 16)
	__len = _M_size;
      else
	__len = __base;

      // Extract.
      char_type __watoms[_M_size];
      __ctype.widen(_S_atoms, _S_atoms + __len, __watoms);
      string __found_grouping;
      const string __grouping = __np.grouping();
      bool __check_grouping = __grouping.size();
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      const char_type __sep = __np.thousands_sep();
      while (__beg != __end)
        {
          const char_type* __p = __traits_type::find(__watoms, __len,  __c);

          // NB: strchr returns true for __c == 0x0
          if (__p && !__traits_type::eq(__c, char_type()))
	    {
	      // Try first for acceptable digit; record it if found.
	      __xtrc += _S_atoms[__p - __watoms];
	      ++__pos;
	      ++__sep_pos;
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	    }
          else if (__traits_type::eq(__c, __sep) && __check_grouping)
	    {
              // NB: Thousands separator at the beginning of a string
              // is a no-no, as is two consecutive thousands separators.
              if (__sep_pos)
                {
                  __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
                  __sep_pos = 0;
		  __c = *(++__beg);
                }
              else
		{
		  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
		  break;
		}
            }
	  else
	    // Not a valid input item.
	    break;
        }

      // Digit grouping is checked. If grouping and found_grouping don't
      // match, then get very very upset, and set failbit.
      if (__check_grouping && __found_grouping.size())
        {
          // Add the ending grouping.
          __found_grouping += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
          if (!__verify_grouping(__grouping, __found_grouping))
	    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Finish up.
      __xtrc += char();
      if (__beg == __end)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  //17.  Bad bool parsing
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const
    {
      // Parse bool values as unsigned long
      if (!(__io.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha))
        {
          // NB: We can't just call do_get(long) here, as it might
          // refer to a derived class.
          string __xtrc;
          int __base;
          __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);

	  unsigned long __ul; 
	  __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
	  if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __ul <= 1)
	    __v = __ul;
	  else 
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        }

      // Parse bool values as alphanumeric
      else
        {
	  typedef char_traits<_CharT>	      	__traits_type;
	  typedef basic_string<_CharT>   	__string_type;

          locale __loc = __io.getloc();
	  const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc); 
	  const __string_type __true = __np.truename();
	  const __string_type __false = __np.falsename();
          const char_type* __trues = __true.c_str();
          const char_type* __falses = __false.c_str();
          const size_t __truen =  __true.size() - 1;
          const size_t __falsen =  __false.size() - 1;

          for (size_t __n = 0; __beg != __end; ++__n)
            {
              char_type __c = *__beg++;
              bool __testf = __n <= __falsen 
		             ? __traits_type::eq(__c, __falses[__n]) : false;
              bool __testt = __n <= __truen 
		             ? __traits_type::eq(__c, __trues[__n]) : false;
              if (!(__testf || __testt))
                {
                  __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                  break;
                }
              else if (__testf && __n == __falsen)
                {
                  __v = 0;
                  break;
                }
              else if (__testt && __n == __truen)
                {
                  __v = 1;
                  break;
                }
            }
          if (__beg == __end)
            __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
        }
      return __beg;
    }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      unsigned long __ul;
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) 
	  && __ul <= numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max())
	__v = static_cast<unsigned short>(__ul);
      else 
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      unsigned long __ul;
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) 
	  && __ul <= numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
	__v = static_cast<unsigned int>(__ul);
      else 
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      return __beg;
    }

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      return __beg;
    }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
	   ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
    {
      string __xtrc;
      __xtrc.reserve(32);
      __beg = _M_extract_float(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc);
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __v, __err, _S_c_locale);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
           ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const
    {
      // Prepare for hex formatted input
      typedef ios_base::fmtflags        fmtflags;
      fmtflags __fmt = __io.flags();
      fmtflags __fmtmask = ~(ios_base::showpos | ios_base::basefield
                             | ios_base::uppercase | ios_base::internal);
      __io.flags(__fmt & __fmtmask | (ios_base::hex | ios_base::showbase));

      string __xtrc;
      int __base;
      __beg = _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __xtrc, __base);

      // Reset from hex formatted input
      __io.flags(__fmt);

      unsigned long __ul;
      __convert_to_v(__xtrc.c_str(), __ul, __err, _S_c_locale, __base);
      if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit))
	__v = reinterpret_cast<void*>(__ul);
      else 
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  // The following code uses snprintf (or sprintf(), when _GLIBCPP_USE_C99
  // is not defined) to convert floating point values for insertion into a
  // stream.  An optimization would be to replace them with code that works
  // directly on a wide buffer and then use __pad to do the padding.
  // It would be good to replace them anyway to gain back the efficiency
  // that C++ provides by knowing up front the type of the values to insert.
  // Also, sprintf is dangerous since may lead to accidental buffer overruns.
  // This implementation follows the C++ standard fairly directly as
  // outlined in 22.2.2.2 [lib.locale.num.put]
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_convert_float(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char __mod,
		       _ValueT __v) const
      {
	// Note: digits10 is rounded down: we need to add 1 to ensure
	// we get the full available precision.
	// Then, in general, one more 1 needs to be added since, when the
	// %{g,G} conversion specifiers are chosen inside _S_format_float, the
	// precision field is "the maximum number of significant digits", *not*
	// the "number of digits to appear after the decimal point", as happens
	// for %{e,E,f,F} (C99, 7.19.6.1,4).
	const int __max_digits = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::digits10 + 2;
	streamsize __prec = __io.precision();

	if (__prec > static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits))
	  __prec = static_cast<streamsize>(__max_digits);

	// Long enough for the max format spec.
	char __fbuf[16];

	// [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.
	int __len;
#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_C99
	// First try a buffer perhaps big enough (for sure sufficient for
	// non-ios_base::fixed outputs)
	int __cs_size = __max_digits * 3;
	char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

	const bool __fp = _S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod, __prec);
	if (__fp)
	  __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, 
				   _S_c_locale, __prec);
	else
	  __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, _S_c_locale);

	// If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
	if (__len >= __cs_size)
	  {
	    __cs_size = __len + 1; 
	    __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
	    if (__fp)
	      __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, 
				       _S_c_locale, __prec);
	    else
	      __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, 
				       _S_c_locale);
	  }
#else
	// Consider the possibility of long ios_base::fixed outputs
	const bool __fixed = __io.flags() & ios_base::fixed;
	const int __max_exp = numeric_limits<_ValueT>::max_exponent10;
	// ios_base::fixed outputs may need up to __max_exp+1 chars
	// for the integer part + up to __max_digits chars for the
	// fractional part + 3 chars for sign, decimal point, '\0'. On
	// the other hand, for non-fixed outputs __max_digits*3 chars
	// are largely sufficient.
	const int __cs_size = __fixed ? __max_exp + __max_digits + 4 
	                              : __max_digits * 3;
	char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));

	if (_S_format_float(__io, __fbuf, __mod, __prec))
	  __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, 0, __fbuf, __v, _S_c_locale, __prec);
	else
	  __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, 0, __fbuf, __v, _S_c_locale);
#endif
	return _M_widen_float(__s, __io, __fill, __cs, __len);
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    template<typename _ValueT>
      _OutIter
      num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
      _M_convert_int(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char __mod,
		     char __modl, _ValueT __v) const
      {
	// [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 1, numeric conversion to character.

	// Long enough for the max format spec.
	char __fbuf[16];
	_S_format_int(__io, __fbuf, __mod, __modl);
#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_C99
	// First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
	int __cs_size = 64;
	char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
	int __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, 
				     _S_c_locale);
	// If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
	if (__len >= __cs_size)
	  {
	    __cs_size = __len + 1;
	    __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
	    __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, __fbuf, __v, 
				     _S_c_locale);
	  }
#else
	// Leave room for "+/-," "0x," and commas. This size is
	// arbitrary, but should be largely sufficient.
	char __cs[128];
	int __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, 0, __fbuf, __v, _S_c_locale);
#endif
	return _M_widen_int(__s, __io, __fill, __cs, __len);
      }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_widen_float(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char* __cs, 
		   int __len) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT> 		__traits_type;
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 2, convert to char_type, using correct
      // numpunct.decimal_point() values for '.' and adding grouping.
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
							   * __len));
      // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the number of
      // digits, but no more.
      _CharT* __ws2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
			 				    * __len * 2));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);
      
      // Replace decimal point.
      const _CharT* __p;
      const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      if (__p = __traits_type::find(__ws, __len, __ctype.widen('.')))
	__ws[__p - __ws] = __np.decimal_point();

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
//282. What types does numpunct grouping refer to?
      // Add grouping, if necessary. 
      const string __grouping = __np.grouping();
      ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
      if (__grouping.size())
	{
	  _CharT* __p2;
	  int __declen = __p ? __p - __ws : __len;
	  __p2 = __add_grouping(__ws2, __np.thousands_sep(), 
				__grouping.c_str(),
				__grouping.c_str() + __grouping.size(),
				__ws, __ws + __declen);
	  int __newlen = __p2 - __ws2;
	
	  // Tack on decimal part.
	  if (__p)
	    {
	      __traits_type::copy(__p2, __p, __len - __declen);
	      __newlen += __len - __declen;
	    }    

	  // Switch strings, establish correct new length.
	  __ws = __ws2;
	  __len = __newlen;
	}
#endif
      return _M_insert(__s, __io, __fill, __ws, __len);
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_widen_int(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, char* __cs, 
		 int __len) const
    {
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 2, convert to char_type, using correct
      // numpunct.decimal_point() values for '.' and adding grouping.
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
							   * __len));
      // Grouping can add (almost) as many separators as the number of
      // digits, but no more.
      _CharT* __ws2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
							    * __len * 2));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);

      // Add grouping, if necessary. 
      const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const string __grouping = __np.grouping();
      const ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = __io.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
      if (__grouping.size())
	{
	  // By itself __add_grouping cannot deal correctly with __ws when
	  // ios::showbase is set and ios_base::oct || ios_base::hex.
	  // Therefore we take care "by hand" of the initial 0, 0x or 0X.
	  // However, remember that the latter do not occur if the number
	  // printed is '0' (__len == 1).
	  streamsize __off = 0;
	  if ((__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase) && __len > 1)
	    if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
	      {
		__off = 1;
		*__ws2 = *__ws;
	      }
	    else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
	      {
		__off = 2;
		*__ws2 = *__ws;
		*(__ws2 + 1) = *(__ws + 1);
	      }
	  _CharT* __p;
	  __p = __add_grouping(__ws2 + __off, __np.thousands_sep(), 
			       __grouping.c_str(),
			       __grouping.c_str() + __grouping.size(),
			       __ws + __off, __ws + __len);
	  __len = __p - __ws2;
	  // Switch strings.
	  __ws = __ws2;
	}
      return _M_insert(__s, __io, __fill, __ws, __len);
    }

  // For use by integer and floating-point types after they have been
  // converted into a char_type string.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    _M_insert(_OutIter __s, ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, const _CharT* __ws, 
	      int __len) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT> 		__traits_type;
      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 3.
      streamsize __w = __io.width();
      _CharT* __ws2 = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) 
							    * __w));
      if (__w > static_cast<streamsize>(__len))
	{
	  __pad<_CharT, __traits_type>::_S_pad(__io, __fill, __ws2, __ws, 
					       __w, __len, true);
	  __len = static_cast<int>(__w);
	  // Switch strings.
	  __ws = __ws2;
	}
      __io.width(0);

      // [22.2.2.2.2] Stage 4.
      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      for (int __j = 0; __j < __len; ++__j, ++__s)
	*__s = __ws[__j];
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, bool __v) const
    {
      ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      if ((__flags & ios_base::boolalpha) == 0)
        {
          unsigned long __uv = __v;
          __s = _M_convert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 'u', char(), __uv);
        }
      else
        {
	  typedef basic_string<_CharT> __string_type;
          locale __loc = __io.getloc();
	  const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc); 
	  __string_type __name;
          if (__v)
	    __name = __np.truename();
          else
	    __name = __np.falsename();
	  __s = _M_insert(__s, __io, __fill, __name.c_str(), __name.size()); 
	}
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long __v) const
    { return _M_convert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 'd', char(), __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long __v) const
    { return _M_convert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 'u', char(), __v); }

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_LONG_LONG
  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __b, char_type __fill, long long __v) const
    { return _M_convert_int(__s, __b, __fill, 'd', 'l', __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           unsigned long long __v) const
    { return _M_convert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 'u', 'l', __v); }
#endif

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, double __v) const
    { return _M_convert_float(__s, __io, __fill, char(), __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, 
	   long double __v) const
    { return _M_convert_float(__s, __io, __fill, 'L', __v); }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
           const void* __v) const
    {
      ios_base::fmtflags __flags = __io.flags();
      ios_base::fmtflags __fmt = ~(ios_base::showpos | ios_base::basefield
				   | ios_base::uppercase | ios_base::internal);
      __io.flags(__flags & __fmt | (ios_base::hex | ios_base::showbase));
      try 
	{
	  __s = _M_convert_int(__s, __io, __fill, 'u', char(),
			       reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(__v));
	  __io.flags(__flags);
	}
      catch (...) 
	{
	  __io.flags(__flags);
	  __throw_exception_again;
	}
      return __s;
    }


  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, 
	   ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __units) const
    { 
      string_type __str;
      __beg = this->do_get(__beg, __end, __intl, __io, __err, __str); 

      const int __n = numeric_limits<long double>::digits10;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__n));
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
      const _CharT* __wcs = __str.c_str();
      __ctype.narrow(__wcs, __wcs + __str.size() + 1, char(), __cs);      
      __convert_to_v(__cs, __units, __err, _S_c_locale);
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    money_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, 
	   ios_base::iostate& __err, string_type& __units) const
    { 
      // These contortions are quite unfortunate.
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, true> 		__money_true;
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, false> 	__money_false;
      typedef money_base::part 			part;
      typedef typename string_type::size_type 	size_type;

      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const __money_true& __mpt = use_facet<__money_true>(__loc); 
      const __money_false& __mpf = use_facet<__money_false>(__loc); 
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      const money_base::pattern __p = __intl ? __mpt.neg_format() 
					     : __mpf.neg_format();

      const string_type __pos_sign =__intl ? __mpt.positive_sign() 
					   : __mpf.positive_sign();
      const string_type __neg_sign =__intl ? __mpt.negative_sign() 
					   : __mpf.negative_sign();
      const char_type __d = __intl ? __mpt.decimal_point() 
  	    	       		   : __mpf.decimal_point();
      const char_type __sep = __intl ? __mpt.thousands_sep() 
		    		     : __mpf.thousands_sep();

      const string __grouping = __intl ? __mpt.grouping() : __mpf.grouping();

      // Set to deduced positive or negative sign, depending.
      string_type __sign;
      // String of grouping info from thousands_sep plucked from __units.
      string __grouping_tmp; 
      // Marker for thousands_sep position.
      int __sep_pos = 0;
      // If input iterator is in a valid state.
      bool __testvalid = true;
      // Flag marking when a decimal point is found.
      bool __testdecfound = false; 

      // The tentative returned string is stored here.
      string_type __temp_units;

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      char_type __eof = static_cast<char_type>(char_traits<char_type>::eof());
      for (int __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < 4 && __testvalid; ++__i)
	{
	  part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
	  switch (__which)
		{
		case money_base::symbol:
		  if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase 
		      || __i < 2 || __sign.size() > 1
		      || ((static_cast<part>(__p.field[3]) != money_base::none)
			  && __i == 2)) 
		    {
		      // According to 22.2.6.1.2.2, symbol is required
		      // if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase),
		      // otherwise is optional and consumed only if
		      // other characters are needed to complete the
		      // format.
		      const string_type __symbol = __intl ? __mpt.curr_symbol()
						    	 : __mpf.curr_symbol();
		      size_type __len = __symbol.size();
		      size_type __j = 0;
		      while (__beg != __end 
			     && __j < __len && __symbol[__j] == __c)
			{
			  __c = *(++__beg);
			  ++__j;
			}
		      // When (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
		      // symbol is required.
		      if (__j != __len && (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase))
			__testvalid = false;
		    }
		  break;
		case money_base::sign:		    
		  // Sign might not exist, or be more than one character long. 
		  if (__pos_sign.size() && __neg_sign.size())
		  {
		    // Sign is mandatory.
		    if (__c == __pos_sign[0])
		      {
			__sign = __pos_sign;
			__c = *(++__beg);
		      }
		    else if (__c == __neg_sign[0])
		      {
			__sign = __neg_sign;
			__c = *(++__beg);
		      }
		    else
		      __testvalid = false;
		  }
		  else if (__pos_sign.size() && __c == __pos_sign[0])
		    {
		      __sign = __pos_sign;
		      __c = *(++__beg);
		    }
		  else if (__neg_sign.size() && __c == __neg_sign[0])
		    {
		      __sign = __neg_sign;
		      __c = *(++__beg);
		    }
		  break;
		case money_base::value:
		  // Extract digits, remove and stash away the
		  // grouping of found thousands separators.
		  while (__beg != __end 
			 && (__ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c) 
			     || (__c == __d && !__testdecfound)
			     || __c == __sep))
		    {
		      if (__c == __d)
			{
			  __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
			  __sep_pos = 0;
			  __testdecfound = true;
			}
		      else if (__c == __sep)
			{
			  if (__grouping.size())
			    {
			      // Mark position for later analysis.
			      __grouping_tmp += static_cast<char>(__sep_pos);
			      __sep_pos = 0;
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      __testvalid = false;
			      break;
			    }
			}
		      else
			{
			  __temp_units += __c;
			  ++__sep_pos;
			}
		      __c = *(++__beg);
		    }
		  break;
		case money_base::space:
		case money_base::none:
		  // Only if not at the end of the pattern.
		  if (__i != 3)
		    while (__beg != __end 
			   && __ctype.is(ctype_base::space, __c))
		      __c = *(++__beg);
		  break;
		}
	}

      // Need to get the rest of the sign characters, if they exist.
      if (__sign.size() > 1)
	{
	  size_type __len = __sign.size();
	  size_type __i = 1;
	  for (; __c != __eof && __i < __len; ++__i)
	    while (__beg != __end && __c != __sign[__i])
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	  
	  if (__i != __len)
	    __testvalid = false;
	}

      // Strip leading zeros.
      while (__temp_units[0] == __ctype.widen('0'))
	__temp_units.erase(__temp_units.begin());

      if (__sign.size() && __sign == __neg_sign)
	__temp_units.insert(__temp_units.begin(), __ctype.widen('-'));

      // Test for grouping fidelity.
      if (__grouping.size() && __grouping_tmp.size())
	{
	  if (!__verify_grouping(__grouping, __grouping_tmp))
	    __testvalid = false;
	}

      // Iff no more characters are available.      
      if (__c == __eof)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;

      // Iff valid sequence is not recognized.
      if (!__testvalid || !__temp_units.size())
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
      else
	// Use the "swap trick" to copy __temp_units into __units.
	__temp_units.swap(__units);

      return __beg; 
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
	   long double __units) const
    { 
      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_C99
      // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
      int __cs_size = 64;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      int __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.01Lf", __units, 
				   _S_c_locale);
      // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
      if (__len >= __cs_size)
	{
	  __cs_size = __len + 1;
	  __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
	  __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, __cs_size, "%.01Lf", __units, 
				   _S_c_locale);
	}
#else
      // max_exponent10 + 1 for the integer part, + 4 for sign, decimal point,
      // decimal digit, '\0'. 
      const int __cs_size = numeric_limits<long double>::max_exponent10 + 5;
      char* __cs = static_cast<char*>(__builtin_alloca(__cs_size));
      int __len = __convert_from_v(__cs, 0, "%.01Lf", __units, _S_c_locale);
#endif
      _CharT* __ws = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __cs_size));
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + __len, __ws);
      string_type __digits(__ws);
      return this->do_put(__s, __intl, __io, __fill, __digits); 
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    money_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
	   const string_type& __digits) const
    { 
      typedef typename string_type::size_type 	size_type;
      typedef money_base::part 			part;

      const locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const size_type __width = static_cast<size_type>(__io.width());

      // These contortions are quite unfortunate.
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, true> __money_true;
      typedef moneypunct<_CharT, false> __money_false;
      const __money_true& __mpt = use_facet<__money_true>(__loc); 
      const __money_false& __mpf = use_facet<__money_false>(__loc); 
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      // Determine if negative or positive formats are to be used, and
      // discard leading negative_sign if it is present.
      const char_type* __beg = __digits.data();
      const char_type* __end = __beg + __digits.size();
      money_base::pattern __p;
      string_type __sign;
      if (*__beg != __ctype.widen('-'))
	{
	  __p = __intl ? __mpt.pos_format() : __mpf.pos_format();
	  __sign =__intl ? __mpt.positive_sign() : __mpf.positive_sign();
	}
      else
	{
	  __p = __intl ? __mpt.neg_format() : __mpf.neg_format();
	  __sign =__intl ? __mpt.negative_sign() : __mpf.negative_sign();
	  ++__beg;
	}
      
      // Look for valid numbers in the current ctype facet within input digits.
      __end = __ctype.scan_not(ctype_base::digit, __beg, __end);
      if (__beg != __end)
	{
	  // Assume valid input, and attempt to format.
	  // Break down input numbers into base components, as follows:
	  //   final_value = grouped units + (decimal point) + (digits)
	  string_type __res;
	  string_type __value;
	  const string_type __symbol = __intl ? __mpt.curr_symbol() 
	    				      : __mpf.curr_symbol();

	  // Deal with decimal point, decimal digits.
	  const int __frac = __intl ? __mpt.frac_digits() 
	    			    : __mpf.frac_digits();
	  if (__frac > 0)
	    {
	      const char_type __d = __intl ? __mpt.decimal_point() 
					   : __mpf.decimal_point();
	      if (__end - __beg >= __frac)
		{
		  __value = string_type(__end - __frac, __end);
		  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __d);
		  __end -= __frac;
		}
	      else
		{
		  // Have to pad zeros in the decimal position.
		  __value = string_type(__beg, __end);
		  int __paddec = __frac - (__end - __beg);
		  char_type __zero = __ctype.widen('0');
		  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __paddec, __zero);
		  __value.insert(__value.begin(), __d);
		  __beg = __end;
		}
	    }

	  // Add thousands separators to non-decimal digits, per
	  // grouping rules.
	  if (__beg != __end)
	    {
	      const string __grouping = __intl ? __mpt.grouping() 
					       : __mpf.grouping();
	      if (__grouping.size())
		{
		  const char_type __sep = __intl ? __mpt.thousands_sep() 
		    			         : __mpf.thousands_sep();
		  const char* __gbeg = __grouping.c_str();
		  const char* __gend = __gbeg + __grouping.size();
		  const int __n = (__end - __beg) * 2;
		  _CharT* __ws2 =
		    static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __n));
		  _CharT* __ws_end = __add_grouping(__ws2, __sep, __gbeg, 
						    __gend, __beg, __end);
		  __value.insert(0, __ws2, __ws_end - __ws2);
		}
	      else
		__value.insert(0, string_type(__beg, __end));
	    }

	  // Calculate length of resulting string.
	  ios_base::fmtflags __f = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;
	  size_type __len = __value.size() + __sign.size();
	  __len += (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase) ? __symbol.size() : 0;
	  bool __testipad = __f == ios_base::internal && __len < __width;

	  // Fit formatted digits into the required pattern.
	  for (int __i = 0; __i < 4; ++__i)
	    {
	      part __which = static_cast<part>(__p.field[__i]);
	      switch (__which)
		{
		case money_base::symbol:
		  if (__io.flags() & ios_base::showbase)
		    __res += __symbol;
		  break;
		case money_base::sign:		    
		  // Sign might not exist, or be more than one
		  // charater long. In that case, add in the rest
		  // below.
		  if (__sign.size())
		    __res += __sign[0];
		  break;
		case money_base::value:
		  __res += __value;
		  break;
		case money_base::space:
		  // At least one space is required, but if internal
		  // formatting is required, an arbitrary number of
		  // fill spaces will be necessary.
		  if (__testipad)
		    __res += string_type(__width - __len, __fill);
		  else
		    __res += __ctype.widen(__fill);
		  break;
		case money_base::none:
		  if (__testipad)
		    __res += string_type(__width - __len, __fill);
		  break;
		}
	    }

	  // Special case of multi-part sign parts.
	  if (__sign.size() > 1)
	    __res += string_type(__sign.begin() + 1, __sign.end());

	  // Pad, if still necessary.
	  __len = __res.size();
	  if (__width > __len)
	    {
	      if (__f == ios_base::left)
		// After.
		__res.append(__width - __len, __fill);
	      else
		// Before.
		__res.insert(0, string_type(__width - __len, __fill));
	      __len = __width;
	    }

	  // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
	  for (size_type __j = 0; __j < __len; ++__j, ++__s)
	    *__s = __res[__j];
	}
      __io.width(0);
      return __s; 
    }


  // NB: Not especially useful. Without an ios_base object or some
  // kind of locale reference, we are left clawing at the air where
  // the side of the mountain used to be...
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    time_base::dateorder
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::do_date_order() const
    { return time_base::no_order; }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_via_format(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, ios_base& __io,
			  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm, 
			  const _CharT* __format) const
    {  
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
      size_t __len = char_traits<_CharT>::length(__format);

      for (size_t __i = 0; __beg != __end && __i < __len && !__err; ++__i)
	{
	  char __c = __format[__i];
	  if (__c == '%')
	    {
	      // Verify valid formatting code, attempt to extract.
	      __c = __format[++__i];
	      char __mod = 0;
	      int __mem = 0; 
	      if (__c == 'E' || __c == 'O')
		{
		  __mod = __c;
		  __c = __format[++__i];
		}
	      switch (__c)
		{
		  const char* __cs;
		  _CharT __wcs[10];
		case 'a':
		  // Abbreviated weekday name [tm_wday]
		  const char_type*  __days1[7];
		  __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days1);
		  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days1, 7, 
				  __err);
		  break;
		case 'A':
		  // Weekday name [tm_wday].
		  const char_type*  __days2[7];
		  __tp._M_days(__days2);
		  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_wday, __days2, 7, 
				  __err);
		  break;
		case 'h':
		case 'b':
		  // Abbreviated month name [tm_mon]
		  const char_type*  __months1[12];
		  __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months1);
		  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months1, 12, 
				  __err);
		  break;
		case 'B':
		  // Month name [tm_mon].
		  const char_type*  __months2[12];
		  __tp._M_months(__months2);
		  _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mon, __months2, 12, 
				  __err);
		  break;
		case 'c':
		  // Default time and date representation.
		  const char_type*  __dt[2];
		  __tp._M_date_time_formats(__dt);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__dt[0]);
		  break;
		case 'd':
		  // Day [01, 31]. [tm_mday]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_mday, 1, 31, 2, 
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 'D':
		  // Equivalent to %m/%d/%y.[tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_year]
		  __cs = "%m/%d/%y";
		  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__wcs);
		  break;
		case 'H':
		  // Hour [00, 23]. [tm_hour]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 0, 23, 2,
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 'I':
		  // Hour [01, 12]. [tm_hour]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_hour, 1, 12, 2, 
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 'm':
		  // Month [01, 12]. [tm_mon]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 1, 12, 2, __ctype, 
				 __err);
		  if (!__err)
		    __tm->tm_mon = __mem - 1;
		  break;
		case 'M':
		  // Minute [00, 59]. [tm_min]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_min, 0, 59, 2,
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 'n':
		  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\n')
		    ++__beg;
		  else
		    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
		  break;
		case 'R':
		  // Equivalent to (%H:%M).
		  __cs = "%H:%M";
		  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 6, __wcs);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__wcs);
		  break;
		case 'S':
		  // Seconds.
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_sec, 0, 59, 2,
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 't':
		  if (__ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0) == '\t')
		    ++__beg;
		  else
		__err |= ios_base::failbit;
		  break;
		case 'T':
		  // Equivalent to (%H:%M:%S).
		  __cs = "%H:%M:%S";
		  __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 9, __wcs);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__wcs);
		  break;
		case 'x':
		  // Locale's date.
		  const char_type*  __dates[2];
		  __tp._M_date_formats(__dates);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__dates[0]);
		  break;
		case 'X':
		  // Locale's time.
		  const char_type*  __times[2];
		  __tp._M_time_formats(__times);
		  _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, 
					__times[0]);
		  break;
		case 'y':
		  // Two digit year. [tm_year]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tm->tm_year, 0, 99, 2, 
				 __ctype, __err);
		  break;
		case 'Y':
		  // Year [1900). [tm_year]
		  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __mem, 0, 
				 numeric_limits<int>::max(), 4, 
				 __ctype, __err);
		  if (!__err)
		    __tm->tm_year = __mem - 1900;
		  break;
		case 'Z':
		  // Timezone info.
		  if (__ctype.is(ctype_base::upper, *__beg))
		    {
		      int __tmp;
		      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmp, 
				      __timepunct<_CharT>::_S_timezones, 
				      14, __err);
		      
		      // GMT requires special effort.
		      char_type __c = *__beg;
		      if (!__err && __tmp == 0 
			  && (__c == __ctype.widen('-') 
			      || __c == __ctype.widen('+')))
			{
			  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 23, 2,
					  __ctype, __err);
			  _M_extract_num(__beg, __end, __tmp, 0, 59, 2,
					  __ctype, __err);
			}	    
			  }
		      else
			__err |= ios_base::failbit;
		      break;
		    default:
		      // Not recognized.
		      __err |= ios_base::failbit;
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  // Verify format and input match, extract and discard.
		  if (__c == __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0))
		    ++__beg;
		  else
		    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
		}
	}
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_num(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
		   int __min, int __max, size_t __len, 
		   const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype, 
		   ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      size_t __i = 0;
      string __digits;
      bool __testvalid = true;
      char_type __c = *__beg;
      while (__beg != __end && __i < __len 
	     && __ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c)) 
	{
	  __digits += __ctype.narrow(__c, 0);
	  __c = *(++__beg);
	  ++__i;
	}
      if (__i == __len)
	{
	  int __value = atoi(__digits.c_str());
	  if (__min <= __value && __value <= __max)
	    __member = __value;
	  else
	    __testvalid = false;
	}
      else
	__testvalid = false;
      if (!__testvalid)
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  // Assumptions:
  // All elements in __names are unique.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    void
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    _M_extract_name(iter_type& __beg, iter_type& __end, int& __member,
		    const _CharT** __names, size_t __indexlen, 
		    ios_base::iostate& __err) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT> 		__traits_type;
      int* __matches = static_cast<int*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(int) * __indexlen));
      size_t __nmatches = 0;
      size_t __pos = 0;
      bool __testvalid = true;
      const char_type* __name;

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      // Look for initial matches.
      for (size_t __i1 = 0; __i1 < __indexlen; ++__i1)
	if (__c == __names[__i1][0])
	  __matches[__nmatches++] = __i1;
      
      while(__nmatches > 1)
	{
	  // Find smallest matching string.
	  size_t __minlen = 10;
	  for (size_t __i2 = 0; __i2 < __nmatches; ++__i2)
	    __minlen = min(__minlen,
			   __traits_type::length(__names[__matches[__i2]]));
	  
	  if (__pos < __minlen && __beg != __end)
	    {
	      ++__pos;
	      __c = *(++__beg);
	      for (size_t __i3 = 0; __i3 < __nmatches; ++__i3)
		{
		  __name = __names[__matches[__i3]];
		  if (__name[__pos] != __c)
		    __matches[__i3] = __matches[--__nmatches];
		}
	    }
	  else
	    break;
	}

      if (__nmatches == 1)
	{
	  // Make sure found name is completely extracted.
	  __name = __names[__matches[0]];
	  const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
	  while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
	    ++__beg, ++__pos;

	  if (__len == __pos)
	    __member = __matches[0];
	  else
	    __testvalid = false;
	}
      else
	__testvalid = false;
      if (!__testvalid)
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_time(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
		ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%X";
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_date(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
		ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      _CharT __wcs[3];
      const char* __cs = "%x";
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __ctype.widen(__cs, __cs + 3, __wcs);
      _M_extract_via_format(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __tm, __wcs);
      if (__beg == __end)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_weekday(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
		   ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT> 		__traits_type;
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __days[7];
      __tp._M_days_abbreviated(__days);
      int __tmpwday;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpwday, __days, 7, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_days and _M_days_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __days array with the same index points to a day, and that
      // day's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name. 
      if (!__err)
	{
	  size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__days[__tmpwday]);
	  __tp._M_days(__days);
	  const char_type* __name = __days[__tmpwday];
	  if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
	    {
	      // Extract the rest of it.
	      const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
	      while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end 
		     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
		++__beg, ++__pos;
	      if (__len != __pos)
		__err |= ios_base::failbit;
	    }
	  if (!__err)
	    __tm->tm_wday = __tmpwday;
	}
      if (__beg == __end)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
     }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_monthname(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end,
                     ios_base& __io, ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      typedef char_traits<_CharT> 		__traits_type;
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
      const char_type*  __months[12];
      __tp._M_months_abbreviated(__months);
      int __tmpmon;
      _M_extract_name(__beg, __end, __tmpmon, __months, 12, __err);

      // Check to see if non-abbreviated name exists, and extract.
      // NB: Assumes both _M_months and _M_months_abbreviated organized in
      // exact same order, first to last, such that the resulting
      // __months array with the same index points to a month, and that
      // month's abbreviated form.
      // NB: Also assumes that an abbreviated name is a subset of the name. 
      if (!__err)
	{
	  size_t __pos = __traits_type::length(__months[__tmpmon]);
	  __tp._M_months(__months);
	  const char_type* __name = __months[__tmpmon];
	  if (__name[__pos] == *__beg)
	    {
	      // Extract the rest of it.
	      const size_t __len = __traits_type::length(__name);
	      while (__pos < __len && __beg != __end 
		     && __name[__pos] == *__beg)
		++__beg, ++__pos;
	      if (__len != __pos)
		__err |= ios_base::failbit;
	    }
	  if (!__err)
	    __tm->tm_mon = __tmpmon;
	}
 
      if (__beg == __end)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
    _InIter
    time_get<_CharT, _InIter>::
    do_get_year(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io, 
		ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 

      char_type __c = *__beg;
      size_t __i = 0;
      string __digits;
      while (__i < 4 && __beg != __end && __ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c))
	{
	  __digits += __ctype.narrow(__c, 0);
	  __c = *(++__beg);
	  ++__i;
	}
      if (__i == 2 || __i == 4)
	{
	  long __l;
	  __convert_to_v(__digits.c_str(), __l, __err, _S_c_locale);
	  if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __l <= INT_MAX)
	    {
	      __l = __i == 2 ? __l : __l - 1900; 
	      __tm->tm_year = static_cast<int>(__l);
	    }
	}
      else
	__err |= ios_base::failbit;
      if (__beg == __end)
	__err |= ios_base::eofbit;
      return __beg;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type, const tm* __tm, 
	const _CharT* __beg, const _CharT* __end) const
    {
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      while (__beg != __end)
	{
	  char __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
	  ++__beg;
	  if (__c == '%')
	    {
	      char __format;
	      char __mod = 0;
	      size_t __len = 1; 
	      __c = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
	      ++__beg;
	      if (__c == 'E' || __c == 'O')
		{
		  __mod = __c;
		  __format = __ctype.narrow(*__beg, 0);
		  ++__beg;
		}
	      else
		__format = __c;
	      __s = this->do_put(__s, __io, char_type(), __tm, __format, 
				 __mod);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      *__s = __c;
	      ++__s;
	    }
	}
      return __s;
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    _OutIter
    time_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::
    do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type, const tm* __tm, 
	   char __format, char __mod) const
    { 
      locale __loc = __io.getloc();
      ctype<_CharT> const& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc);
      __timepunct<_CharT> const& __tp = use_facet<__timepunct<_CharT> >(__loc);

      // NB: This size is arbitrary. Should this be a data member,
      // initialized at construction?
      const size_t __maxlen = 64;
      char_type* __res =
	static_cast<char_type*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(char_type) * __maxlen));

      // NB: In IEE 1003.1-200x, and perhaps other locale models, it
      // is possible that the format character will be longer than one
      // character. Possibilities include 'E' or 'O' followed by a
      // format character: if __mod is not the default argument, assume
      // it's a valid modifier.
      char_type __fmt[4];
      __fmt[0] = __ctype.widen('%'); 
      if (!__mod)
	{
	  __fmt[1] = __format;
	  __fmt[2] = char_type();
	}
      else
	{
	  __fmt[1] = __mod;
	  __fmt[2] = __format;
	  __fmt[3] = char_type();
	}

      __tp._M_put(__res, __maxlen, __fmt, __tm);

      // Write resulting, fully-formatted string to output iterator.
      size_t __len = char_traits<char_type>::length(__res);
      for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __len; ++__i, ++__s)
	*__s = __res[__i];
      return __s;
    }


  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::_M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const
    { return 0; }

  // Generic version does nothing.
  template<typename _CharT>
    size_t
    collate<_CharT>::_M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const
    { return 0; }

  template<typename _CharT>
    int
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1, 
	       const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
    { 
      const string_type __one(__lo1, __hi1);
      const string_type __two(__lo2, __hi2);
      return _M_compare(__one.c_str(), __two.c_str());
    }

 template<typename _CharT>
    typename collate<_CharT>::string_type
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    {
      size_t __len = (__hi - __lo) * 2;
      // First try a buffer perhaps big enough.
      _CharT* __c =
	static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __len));
      size_t __res = _M_transform(__c, __lo, __len);
      // If the buffer was not large enough, try again with the correct size.
      if (__res >= __len)
	{
	  __c =
	    static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * (__res + 1)));
	  _M_transform(__c, __lo, __res + 1);
	}
      return string_type(__c);
    }

 template<typename _CharT>
    long
    collate<_CharT>::
    do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
    { 
      unsigned long __val = 0;
      for (; __lo < __hi; ++__lo)
	__val = *__lo + ((__val << 7) | 
		       (__val >> (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits - 7)));
      return static_cast<long>(__val);
    }

  // Convert string to numeric value of type _Tv and store results.  
  // NB: This is specialized for all required types, there is no
  // generic definition.
  template<typename _Tv>
    void
    __convert_to_v(const char* __in, _Tv& __out, ios_base::iostate& __err, 
		   const __c_locale& __cloc, int __base = 10);

  // Convert numeric value of type _Tv to string and return length of string.
  // If snprintf is available use it, otherwise fall back to the unsafe sprintf
  // which, in general, can be dangerous and should be avoided.
  template<typename _Tv>
    int
    __convert_from_v(char* __out, const int __size, const char* __fmt,
		     _Tv __v, const __c_locale&, int __prec = -1);

  // Construct correctly padded string, as per 22.2.2.2.2
  // Assumes 
  // __newlen > __oldlen
  // __news is allocated for __newlen size
  // Used by both num_put and ostream inserters: if __num,
  // internal-adjusted objects are padded according to the rules below
  // concerning 0[xX] and +-, otherwise, exactly as right-adjusted
  // ones are.

  // NB: Of the two parameters, _CharT can be deduced from the
  // function arguments. The other (_Traits) has to be explicitly specified.
  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
    struct __pad
    {
      static void
      _S_pad(ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, _CharT* __news, 
	     const _CharT* __olds, const streamsize __newlen, 
	     const streamsize __oldlen, const bool __num);
    };

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
    void 
    __pad<_CharT, _Traits>::_S_pad(ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, 
				   _CharT* __news, const _CharT* __olds, 
				   const streamsize __newlen, 
				   const streamsize __oldlen, const bool __num)
    {
      size_t __plen = static_cast<size_t>(__newlen - __oldlen);
      _CharT* __pads = static_cast<_CharT*>(__builtin_alloca(sizeof(_CharT) * __plen));
      _Traits::assign(__pads, __plen, __fill); 

      _CharT* __beg;
      _CharT* __end;
      size_t __mod = 0;
      size_t __beglen; //either __plen or __oldlen
      ios_base::fmtflags __adjust = __io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield;

      if (__adjust == ios_base::left)
	{
	  // Padding last.
	  __beg = const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds);
	  __beglen = __oldlen;
	  __end = __pads;
	}
      else if (__adjust == ios_base::internal && __num)
	{
	  // Pad after the sign, if there is one.
	  // Pad after 0[xX], if there is one.
	  // Who came up with these rules, anyway? Jeeze.
          locale __loc = __io.getloc();
	  const ctype<_CharT>& __ctype = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc); 
	  const _CharT __minus = __ctype.widen('-');
	  const _CharT __plus = __ctype.widen('+');
	  bool __testsign = _Traits::eq(__olds[0], __minus)
	    		    || _Traits::eq(__olds[0], __plus);

	  bool __testhex = _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('0'), __olds[0]) 
	    		   && (_Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('x'), __olds[1]) 
			       || _Traits::eq(__ctype.widen('X'), __olds[1]));
	  if (__testhex)
	    {
	      __news[0] = __olds[0]; 
	      __news[1] = __olds[1];
	      __mod += 2;
	      __news += 2;
	      __beg = __pads;
	      __beglen = __plen;
	      __end = const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds + __mod);
	    }
	  else if (__testsign)
	    {
	      _Traits::eq((__news[0] = __olds[0]), __plus) ? __plus : __minus;
	      ++__mod;
	      ++__news;
	      __beg = __pads;
	      __beglen = __plen;
	      __end = const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds + __mod);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      // Padding first.
	      __beg = __pads;
	      __beglen = __plen;
	      __end = const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds);
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  // Padding first.
	  __beg = __pads;
	  __beglen = __plen;
	  __end = const_cast<_CharT*>(__olds);
	}
      _Traits::copy(__news, __beg, __beglen);
      _Traits::copy(__news + __beglen, __end, 
			  __newlen - __beglen - __mod);
    }

  // Used by both numeric and monetary facets.
  // Check to make sure that the __grouping_tmp string constructed in
  // money_get or num_get matches the canonical grouping for a given
  // locale.
  // __grouping_tmp is parsed L to R
  // 1,222,444 == __grouping_tmp of "/1/3/3"
  // __grouping is parsed R to L
  // 1,222,444 == __grouping of "/3" == "/3/3/3"
  template<typename _CharT>
    bool
    __verify_grouping(const basic_string<_CharT>& __grouping, 
		      basic_string<_CharT>& __grouping_tmp)
    {         
      int __i = 0;
      int __j = 0;
      const int __len = __grouping.size();
      const int __n = __grouping_tmp.size();
      bool __test = true;
      
      // Parsed number groupings have to match the
      // numpunct::grouping string exactly, starting at the
      // right-most point of the parsed sequence of elements ...
      while (__test && __i < __n - 1)
	for (__j = 0; __test && __j < __len && __i < __n - 1; ++__j,++__i)
	  __test &= __grouping[__j] == __grouping_tmp[__n - __i - 1];
      // ... but the last parsed grouping can be <= numpunct
      // grouping.
      __j == __len ? __j = 0 : __j;
      __test &= __grouping[__j] >= __grouping_tmp[__n - __i - 1];
      return __test;
    }

  // Used by both numeric and monetary facets.
  // Inserts "group separator" characters into an array of characters.
  // It's recursive, one iteration per group.  It moves the characters
  // in the buffer this way: "xxxx12345" -> "12,345xxx".  Call this
  // only with __gbeg != __gend.
  template<typename _CharT>
    _CharT*
    __add_grouping(_CharT* __s, _CharT __sep,  
		   const char* __gbeg, const char* __gend, 
		   const _CharT* __first, const _CharT* __last)
    {
      if (__last - __first > *__gbeg)
        {
          __s = __add_grouping(__s,  __sep, 
			       (__gbeg + 1 == __gend ? __gbeg : __gbeg + 1),
			       __gend, __first, __last - *__gbeg);
          __first = __last - *__gbeg;
          *__s++ = __sep;
        }
      do
	*__s++ = *__first++;
      while (__first != __last);
      return __s;
    }

  // Inhibit implicit instantiations for required instantiations,
  // which are defined via explicit instantiations elsewhere.  
  // NB: This syntax is a GNU extension.
  extern template class moneypunct<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<char, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
  extern template class money_get<char>;
  extern template class money_put<char>;
  extern template class numpunct<char>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<char>;
  extern template class num_get<char>;
  extern template class num_put<char>; 
  extern template class __timepunct<char>;
  extern template class time_put<char>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<char>;
  extern template class time_get<char>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<char>;
  extern template class messages<char>;
  extern template class messages_byname<char>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<char>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<char>;
  extern template class collate_byname<char>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>& 
    use_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const collate<char>& 
    use_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<char>& 
    use_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_put<char>& 
    use_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_get<char>& 
    use_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, true>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<char, false>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<char, false> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_put<char>& 
    use_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_get<char>& 
    use_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<char>& 
    use_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_put<char>& 
    use_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_get<char>& 
    use_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const messages<char>& 
    use_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<collate<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<char> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<messages<char> >(const locale&);

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_USE_WCHAR_T
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
  extern template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
  extern template class money_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class money_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class numpunct_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class num_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class __timepunct<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get<wchar_t>;
  extern template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages<wchar_t>;
  extern template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class ctype_byname<wchar_t>;
  extern template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
  extern template class collate<wchar_t>;
  extern template class collate_byname<wchar_t>;

  extern template
    const codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>& 
    use_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(locale const&);

  extern template
    const collate<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const numpunct<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const num_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, true>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const moneypunct<wchar_t, false>& 
    use_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(const locale&);
 
  extern template 
    const money_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const money_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template
    const __timepunct<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_put<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const time_get<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    const messages<wchar_t>& 
    use_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

 extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<ctype<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<collate<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<numpunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<num_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<moneypunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<money_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<__timepunct<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_put<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<time_get<wchar_t> >(const locale&);

  extern template 
    bool
    has_facet<messages<wchar_t> >(const locale&);
#endif
} // namespace std

#endif
